A deviated nasal septum is a condition where the thin wall (septum) that separates the two nasal passages is displaced or crooked, causing one side of the nose to be more congested than the other. This can lead to difficulty breathing through one or both nostrils, frequent sinus infections, nosebleeds, or a general feeling of nasal discomfort. Though many people are born with a deviated septum, it can also develop due to injury or trauma to the nose.
Anatomy of the Nasal Septum
To understand what a deviated septum is, it’s helpful to know a bit about the anatomy of the nose. The nasal septum is a structure made up of both bone and cartilage that divides the nasal cavity into two separate halves. When this septum is misaligned or shifted from the midline, it becomes “deviated.” A mild deviation may not cause significant issues, while a severe deviation can obstruct airflow and lead to complications.
Causes of a Deviated Nasal Septum
While some people are born with a deviated septum, others may develop it later in life. Here are the common causes:
- Congenital Deviation: Some infants are born with a naturally crooked septum. This could happen during the development of the fetus or as a result of a difficult birth process.
- Injury or Trauma: A blow to the nose, such as from sports, accidents, or even physical altercations, can displace the septum. Even minor injuries can lead to a noticeable shift in the nasal structure.
- Aging: As people age, the cartilage in the septum can weaken or deteriorate, sometimes leading to a gradual deviation or worsening of the condition.
- Genetic Factors: A family history of deviated septums can increase the likelihood of developing the condition. Certain genetic conditions can also predispose individuals to nasal irregularities.
Deviated nasal septum symptoms
The severity of symptoms can vary depending on the degree of the septal deviation. Some people with a mild deviation may experience no symptoms at all, while others may face significant challenges. Common symptoms include:
- Nasal Congestion: One of the most common symptoms is persistent nasal congestion, often worse on one side of the nose. This can lead to difficulty breathing, especially when sleeping or during physical activity.
- Frequent Sinus Infections: A deviated septum can interfere with normal sinus drainage, increasing the risk of sinus infections (sinusitis).
- Frequent Nosebleeds: The change in airflow and drying of the nasal passages can lead to frequent nosebleeds, especially in dry environments.
- Snoring or Sleep Apnea: In more severe cases, a deviated septum may contribute to snoring or obstructive sleep apnea due to restricted airflow during sleep.
- Headaches: Some individuals with a deviated septum may experience headaches, which can be related to sinus pressure or difficulty breathing.
Diagnosis
A deviated septum is typically diagnosed by an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist through a physical exam. The doctor will look inside the nostrils using a lighted instrument called an otoscope or may perform an endoscopy for a more detailed view of the nasal passages. In some cases, a CT scan of the sinuses may be ordered to assess the extent of the deviation and any associated complications like sinus blockage or infection.
Deviated Nasal Septum Treatment
While a deviated nasal septum can often be managed with non-surgical approaches, some individuals may require more invasive treatments to alleviate their symptoms. Treatment typically depends on the severity of the condition and the symptoms it causes. Let’s explore the available treatment options, including surgery and medical devices.
1. Deviated Nasal Septum Surgery
For those who experience significant discomfort or complications due to a deviated septum, surgery may be the most effective treatment option. The primary surgical procedure used to correct a deviated septum is septoplasty.
Septoplasty
Septoplasty is a surgical procedure designed to straighten or reposition the nasal septum, improving airflow and reducing obstruction. During the procedure, the surgeon may remove or trim parts of the septum, straighten the bone or cartilage, and restore proper alignment. This procedure is usually performed under local or general anesthesia, depending on the complexity of the case and the patient’s preferences.
- Procedure: The surgeon typically makes an incision inside the nostrils, so there are no visible scars. The deviated part of the septum is carefully realigned or removed.
- Recovery: Recovery from septoplasty is usually straightforward. Most patients can return to normal activities within a week, although it may take a few weeks for full recovery. Some swelling and discomfort are normal during the healing process, and patients are advised to avoid strenuous activities for a few weeks after surgery.
- Effectiveness: Septoplasty can provide long-term relief from nasal congestion, sinus infections, snoring, and other issues caused by a deviated septum. In many cases, the procedure significantly improves breathing and quality of life.
Rhinoplasty (Nose Surgery)
In some cases, when the external appearance of the nose is also affected (due to trauma or congenital defects), patients may undergo a rhinoplasty in addition to septoplasty. Rhinoplasty in Iran involves reshaping the nose’s external structure to improve both function and aesthetics. While not always necessary, a combination of septoplasty and rhinoplasty can be beneficial for those seeking both functional and cosmetic improvements.
2. Deviated Nasal Septum Medical Devices
Several medical devices are available to manage the symptoms of a deviated septum for patients who are not candidates for surgery or prefer non-invasive options. While these devices do not fix the underlying structural issue, they can help alleviate discomfort and improve airflow.
Nasal Dilators
Nasal dilators are small devices that are inserted into the nostrils to help open up the nasal passages and improve airflow. These devices are often used by individuals with a deviated septum who experience breathing difficulties during sleep, such as snoring or mild obstructive sleep apnea.
- External Nasal Dilators: These are adhesive strips that are placed on the outside of the nose to gently pull open the nostrils. They are often used at night to help with snoring and breathing issues during sleep.
- Internal Nasal Dilators: These are small, flexible devices that are inserted inside the nostrils. They work by physically holding the nasal passages open, helping with nasal congestion. They can be worn during the day or night, depending on the user’s needs.
Saline Nasal Sprays and Irrigators
Saline sprays or nasal irrigation systems (like a neti pot) can help clear out mucus and allergens from the nasal passages, providing temporary relief for congestion caused by a deviated septum. These treatments help to keep the nasal passages moist, which can prevent dryness and irritation.
- Saline Nasal Sprays: These over-the-counter sprays are designed to hydrate the nasal passages and reduce inflammation, helping to clear mucus and make breathing easier.
- Nasal Irrigation: A neti pot or similar device allows users to rinse the nasal passages with a saline solution, which can clear out mucus and other debris, providing short-term relief from nasal congestion.
CPAP Machines
For individuals with obstructive sleep apnea caused by a severely deviated septum, a CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) machine can be used. While CPAP machines do not correct the underlying structural issue, they can help by providing a constant stream of air to keep the airways open during sleep.
- Usage: The CPAP machine delivers air through a mask or nosepiece that fits over the nose or mouth. The continuous airflow helps prevent airway collapse, which is common in obstructive sleep apnea.
- Effectiveness: While CPAP is typically used for sleep apnea, it can be an effective option for managing the symptoms of nasal obstruction caused by a deviated septum during sleep.
Which Treatment is Right for You?
The best treatment for a deviated nasal septum depends on the severity of the condition and the symptoms you’re experiencing. If the septum is only slightly deviated and symptoms are minimal, non-surgical treatments such as nasal dilators, saline sprays, and medications may be enough to alleviate discomfort.
However, if the deviation is causing significant breathing problems, chronic sinus infections, or sleep disturbances, surgery (such as septoplasty) may be the most effective long-term solution. Surgery offers a permanent fix to the structural issue, leading to improved airflow and a reduction in symptoms.
If you’re unsure about which treatment option is right for you, it’s important to consult with an ENT specialist. They can assess the severity of your deviated septum, discuss your symptoms, and recommend the best course of action.
Complications of a Deviated Nasal Septum
In some cases, untreated or severe nasal deviations can lead to complications, including:
- Chronic Sinusitis: A blocked nasal passage may interfere with normal sinus drainage, leading to chronic sinus infections.
- Nasal Polyps: Persistent inflammation due to a deviated septum can sometimes cause the formation of benign growths known as polyps inside the nasal passages.
- Impaired Breathing: Severe deviation can significantly impair the ability to breathe properly, particularly during sleep.
When to Seek Medical Help
If you experience any of the following, it’s a good idea to seek medical advice:
- Persistent nasal congestion that does not improve with over-the-counter remedies.
- Frequent or chronic sinus infections.
- Difficulty sleeping due to nasal obstruction or snoring.
- Recurring nosebleeds.
Conclusion
A deviated nasal septum is a common condition that affects many people, although its impact can vary widely. For some, it’s a minor inconvenience, while for others, it can significantly affect daily life. If symptoms become disruptive or cause ongoing health issues, medical intervention—ranging from medication to surgery—can often provide relief. If you’re struggling with breathing issues or frequent sinus problems, it’s worth discussing with an ENT specialist to determine the best course of treatment.
